The first Azed puzzle of the month is usually a competition puzzle. Sometimes it is also presented in a non-standard format. Today we have what many consider to be the most difficult variation – the one that uses a Playfair square where the codeword has to be deduced.
There is always a comprehensive preamble to a Playfair puzzle. For today’s puzzle we had:
O | R | A | N | G |
E | S | T | I | C |
K | B | D | F | H |
L | M | P | Q | U |
V | W | X | Y | Z |
In a Playfair word square the code word (in which no letter recurs) is followed by the remaining letters of the alphabet, I doing double duty for I and J (see above). To encode a word it must first be split into pairs of letters, e.g. CR IT IC AL. Each pair is then to be seen as forming the diagonally opposite corners of a rectangle within the word square, the other two corners being the encoded form. Thus, in the example shown, CR gives SG (not GS, which RC would give). Where a pair of letters appears in the same row or column in the word square, its encoded form is produced from the letter immediately to the right of or below each respectively. For the last letter in a row or column the first letter in the same row or column becomes the encoded form. Thus IC becomes CE. When all the pairs are encoded, the word is joined up again, thus CRITICAL is encoded as SGCICEOP. Answers to the eight clues in italics must be encoded thus in the diagram. The code word must be deduced with the help of the answers to normal clues, so that the diagram may be completed. Competitors should submit with their entries a normal cryptic clue to the asterisked definition at 9 Down.
All the clues are normal, so we will get some clues to the coding by using the normal clues that intersect with the entries to be encoded.
———————————–
A quick look through the clues indicated that all the coded entries were in the perimeter – two each in the top and bottom rows and two each in the left and right hand columns. (With hindsight that might have been a bit of a clue to the codeword)
Of course, the letters intersecting the coded entries didn’t actually help in solving the entries that need coding. All eight of the perimeter entries had to be solved cold. Usually these entries have slightly easier clues. I hoped that would be the case today.
I solved four of the perimeter clues fairly quickly – HERNIA, OBTUND, BUNGLE and REPAST. The other four – UNGLAD, SCHEME, GARVIE and DUELLO took a bit longer, but I did manage to crack them before trying to deduce the Playfair square.
Once the grid was filled I attempted to construct the square and deduce the codeword. I had the following starting information.
AMID had to be in a single row [or column] although row seemed more likely given some of the other combinations, and if so the letters AM and ID had to be together or at opposite ends of the row or column. It seemed likely that each pair would form part of the codeword given the relative positions in the alphabet of the two letters forming the pair.
PAE had to be in a single row or column. Given that AMID were likely to be in a row, then PAE was going to be in a column in that order or cycling round the column in that order.
VW were going to be together and likely be unused as there are no common words with consecutive VW They had to be in the bottom row as only XYZ could follow.
TR therefore had to be together in another row and used as they weren’t in alphabetical order. If they were unused, they couldn’t be at opposite ends of the column to maintain the alphabetical order of the unused letters
SL and CU had to be in a single row or column and used in the code word for the same reasons as the AM ID discussion above with SL together (or cycling) and CU together or cycling.
DAUC have to form the corner cells of a rectangle
GLHS have to form the corner cells of a rectangle with GH forming the same relative positions as SL
TUEL have to form the corner cells of a rectangle , but TR have to be together given the TRVW rectangle
O and D could be in the same row or column, but would clash with AMID in a row, so D and O are probably in the same column.
I played about with these theories in spreadsheet but found it difficult to keep track of what I was doing. I think it might have been better to use some scrabble tiles. I’ll try that next time.
I got to the following position before throwing in the towel and resorting to a Playfair code cracker online.
The code cracker produced the grid below which shows I was on the right lines without making the final leap. Looking now at what I had above, if I had got the O right and moved the TRVW rectangle one column to the left, I might have been in business with my attempt at deducing the keyword without help.
The codeword therefore was AMBIDEXTROUSLY (on both sides; double dealing) which may have been hinted at by the positioning of the entries to be coded. As I write this blog, I remember that DOUBLE-DEALER was a key entry in the ‘Right and Left’ Azed puzzle I blogged recently (Azed 2624)
With the correct Playfair square, the entries to be coded and their codes, are as follows:
HERNIA – FTOKDM
UNGLAD – CFHSMA
OBTUND – TDELZO
SCHEME – LUFTAX
GARVIE – FMTWAR
BUNGLE – ALFHUT
DUELLO – ACTUCT
REPAST – OXAELX
The final grid looked like this:
Playfair puzzles are a real challenge but I think the keyword can be deduced with plenty of time and a hint or two. Many solvers don’t have time, so I suspect I am not alone in resorting to a code cracker.
I think the clues were at the easier end of Azed’s spectrum, but there was still the usual mix of common and obscure entries. I certainly learnt a few new words and meanings as well as coming across a previously unknown composer.
Azed has a knack of hiding his definitions well, I liked ‘weekly, and ‘rarely dull’ in the context of the clue.
There are a couple of parsings, I can’t explain in full. These are 19 and 20 across. I am defeated by the relationship between AMO and ‘see one twinkling’ in 19 across. I have come up with a suggestion for parsing TAINO at 20 across but I am not convinced by what I have written. I look forward to learning how these clues should be parsed.
No | Detail |
Across | |
1 |
Explosive artillery holds in reversing rupture (6) HERNIA (rupture) HE ([High] explosive] + (RA [Royal] Artillery] containing [holds] IN reversed [reversing]) HE R (NI<) A |
5 |
Gun going off boy becomes miserable (6) UNGLAD (sad; miserable) Anagram of (going off) GUN + LAD (boy) UNG* LAD |
9 |
Driver on probation, I oiled car roughly weekly, say (10) PERIODICAL (a magazine, possibly one that is issued weekly) P (plate on a car in some countries indicating that the driver has a provisional licence or is newly qualified; driver on probation) + an anagram of (roughly) I OILED CAR) P ERIODICAL* |
10 |
Opening created by bullet remaining (5) TREMA (orifice; opening) TREMA (hidden word in [created by] BULLET REMAINING) If you take the letters TREMA out of BULLE INING you create an opening in the remaining letters TREMA |
11 |
Bit of timber in dry measure thereof (5) STERE (a timber measure, a cubic metre) T (first letter of [bit of] TIMBER) contained in (in) SERE (alternative spelling of SEAR [dry and withered]) S (T) ERE |
13 |
Feudal court changed method (not hard) after conflict (8) WARD-MOTE (meeting of a WARD [division of a town or county] or of a court of a ward. Probably more related to feudal courts than current day courts) WAR (conflict) + an anagram of (changed) METHOD excluding (not) H (hard, when describing pencil lead) WAR D-MOTE* |
15 |
Holy ascetic, sober heartless Hindu (5) SADHU (Hindu holy man, ascetic and mendicant) SAD (sober) + HU (letters remaining in HINDU when the central letters IND are removed [heartless]) SAD HU |
16 |
Historical document, part about university (5) ROULE (obsolete [historical] term for a roll or scroll [document]) ROLE (part [in a play] containing [about] U [university]) RO (U) LE |
17 |
Stuff hole in tip of scabbard (7) CRAMPIT (a scabbard-chape [plate of metal at the point of a scabbard]) CRAM (stuff) + PIT (hole in the ground) CRAM PIT |
19 |
Primitive creatures? See one twinkling on a bee flying (7) AMOEBAE (lowest and simplest of animals; primitive creatures) AMO (?) + an anagram of (flying) A BEE AMO EBAE* |
20 |
Lost lingo included in central tenet of Confucianism (5) TAINO (language spoken by an extinct tribe of the West Indies; lost lingo) IN contained in (included in) TAO (the absolute entity which is the source of all existence and change in Confucianism and some other philosophies) I am not sure about this parsing. TA (IN) O |
23 |
Take heed about prime element of baby’s rearing (5) CABRE (a heraldic term describing ‘rearing’) CARE (take heed) containing (about) B (first letter of [prime element of] BABY) CA (B) RE |
27 |
Dad worked with regular features of comical mental state (8) PARANOIA (form of mental disorder characterized by constant delusions; mental state) PA (father; dad) + RAN (worked) + OIA (letters 2, 4 and 6 [regular features] of COMICAL) PA RAN OIA |
28 |
Neckwear displayed by one north of the border (5) ASCOT (type of necktie with broad ends that are tied to lie one across the other) A SCOT (person from north of the border between SCOTland and England) A SCOT |
29 |
Aid in forecasting weather without extremes person describes (5) SONDE (any device for obtaining information about atmospheric and weather conditions at high altitudes) SONDE (hidden word in [without extremities] PERSON DESCRIBES) SONDE |
30 |
Chap leading a lesson about one type of rock deformation (10) CATACLASIS (deformation of rocks by crushing) CAT (man, chap, as in ‘he’s a cool CAT‘) + A + (CLASS [lesson] containing [about] I [Roman numeral for one]) CAT A CLAS (I) S |
31 |
Rarely dull, crazy don goes round tub swimming (6) OBTUND (rare word meaning to blunt or dull) Anagram of (crazy) DON containing (goes round) an anagram of (swimming) TUB O (BTU*) ND* |
32 |
Church in scattered arrangement (6) SCHEME (an arrangement) CH (church) contained in (in) SEME (strewn or scattered over with small bearings, powdered) S (CH) EME |
Down | |
1 |
Wee fish that is tailing pike, see (6) GARVIE (sprat; wee fish) GAR (GARfish, a pike-like fish) + V (vide; see [Latin] + IE (id est; that is) GAR V IE |
2 |
Tumours mum’s taken in to treat misshapen one (10) TERATOMATA (tumours consisting of tissue not normally found at that site, occurring especially in the testis or ovary) (MA [mother; mum] contained in [taken in] an anagram of [misshapen] TO TREAT) + A TERATO (MA) T* A |
3 |
Acting after tipple? Such a one may be sensational (5) DRAMA (sensational situation) DRAM (small drink of alcohol; tipple) + A (acting) DRAM A |
4 |
Monster that’s tucked into Asiatic bird, a kind of poultry (7) MINORCA (a Mediterranean variety of laying poultry with glossy, especially black, plumage) ORC (mythical fierce sea monster) contained in (tucked into) MINA (alternative spelling of MYNA, any of various related sturnoid Asiatic birds) MIN (ORC) A |
5 |
Rib involved outlay for Adam, without restraint (5) COSTA (rib) COST (expense; outlay) + ADAM excluding (without) DAM (embankment to restrain water) COST A |
6 |
Bushman’s shield – animal he’s flayed to make it (8) HIELAMAN (Australian Aboriginal narrow shield of bark or wood) Anagram of (flayed) ANIMAL HE HIELAMAN* |
7 |
Fellow consuming college recipe for young fish (5) SCROD (young cod or haddock) SOD (non-pejorative term for a chap or fellow) containing (consuming) (C [college] + R [recipe {Latin}]) S (C R) OD |
8 |
Make a mess of roll, twisting leg (6) BUNGLE (make a mess of) BUN (bread roll) + an anagram of (twisted) LEG BUN GLE* |
*9 |
Lost to view (5) PERDU (lost to view) This is definition only clue for the clue-writing competition, so there is no wordplay. |
12 |
Eastern cloth (strong) thought appropriate for urchins (10) ECHINOIDEA (the sea-urchins) E (Eastern) + CHINO ( strong cloth of twilled cotton) + IDEA (thought) E CHINO IDEA |
14 |
Morecambe maybe intercepts diverted call about office work (8) CLERICAL (relating to general office work) ERIC (reference ERIC Morecambe [1926-1984], English comedian, best known as one half of Morecambe and Wise) contained in (intercepts) an anagram of (diverted) CALL CL (ERIC) AL* |
18 |
Second hearing to do with network surrounding queen (7) RETRIAL (another court hearing; second hearing) RETIAL (descriptive of a network) containing (surrounding) R (Regina; queen) RET (R) IAL |
19 |
Rules for jousting, boring, Earl penned with love (6) DUELLO (the laws that regulate DUELLing and presumably jousting as well) E (Earl) contained in (penned) DULL (boring) + O (character representing zero [love score in tennis]) DU (E) LL O |
21 |
Lives with right leg in chains (5) IRONS (chains) IS (lives) containing (with … in) (R [right] + ON [the ON side in cricket is also known as the LEG side) I (R ON) S |
22 |
Meal I avoided in disorganized parties (6) REPAST (meal) Anagram of (disorganized) PARTIES excluding (avoided) I REPAST* |
24 |
Keep moist, having firm footing by the sound of it (5) BASTE (keep meat moist) BASTE (sounds like [by the sound of it] BASED [having firm footing) BASTE |
25 |
Who may be seen aboard bottom at Lowestoft? (5) MATLO (seama – bottom can refer to a complete ship) MATLO (hidden word in [can be seen aboard] BOTTOM AT LOWESTOFT) Lowestoft is a seaport in the English county of Suffolk) MATLO |
26 |
Composer cutting last slow movement (5) LASSU (the slow movement of a csardas [Hungarian dance]) LASSUS (reference Orlande de LASSUS [1532-1594], Flemish composer) excluding the final letter (cutting last) S LASSU |
Thanks duncanshiell, AMO is ‘a twinking of an eye’ (A MO).
Agree on your parsing of TAINO.
Finally finished this on Thursday, the last encoded solution GARVIE having fallen on Tuesday (SCHEME took a long time too, seme being new). I had the P->A->E colinearity and the S->L,C->U one, and the ETLU square, but thought it unlikely that P would be on the bottom line – such a long keyword! Very satisfying when the OUSLY jumped out as a possibility, and A M I D looked like being near on a line.
Thanks as ever to Azed, glad I persisted.
PS did you have any rationale for think VW must be together?
I agree with Gonzo @ 1 for A MO (short for a moment) in AMOEBAE. I took “in” as a synonym of “included” in TAINO, so it’s “in” in “tao”.
I always find solving Playfairs a bit of a chore. Not just having to cold solve the encoded answers, but just the mechanics. You know it can be done, it’s just a slog to do it.
I found PERDU particularly difficult to clue for some reason
Thanks for the blog and all your efforts, you had the answer all along – Scrabble tiles.
Makes it so much easier, we have probable rows of four A M I D , C U S L, E and T O and R. The PAE must be a column so E below A. With tiles you can cycle these rows and slot in possible fifth letters AMBID comes quickly , E under A and the X appears and all done.
Much easier than lots of scribbling and crossing out.
Agree with Gonzo @1 for twinkling which I thought was very nice . Also Tim@4 for included=in which I thought was clumsy with the second “in” to put it inside.
OBTUND took me a while with all the cycling of don and tub. GARVIE my last coded word, finally remembered that Azed uses see=v often.
I solved all the uncoded words fairly quickly, and even got a few coded words, but I had no idea how to work out what the code square was. I’ve come across the Playfair crossword before but I can’t remember if I’ve ever been able to complete one.
I only started doing this last evening. I solved all the clues bar LASSU (never heard of either part) and GARVIE (I thought of a CIE ending, but forgot VIE), but I struggled with the Playfair square. I just couldn’t seem to bring all the bits I had together! So I went to bed. After a short while asleep, I woke up and found myself thinking about AMID (although I’d previously written it down as IDAM) and hey presto! Ambidextrous popped into my head. Then, knowing L belonged with US, I amended it to Ambidextrously and worked out that C would come at the end of that line (as I’d already thought SLUC belonged together). Finally, before drifting back to sleep, I worked out Garvie. I guess my subconscious must have been at work while I was asleep!
Gonzo @ 3
V and W had to be on the same row and I reckoned they werent going to be in the rows with AMID or UCLS. or E,T, R and O I suppose they could have gone on the same row as G and H. There was probably a bit of subconscious thinking that they had to be in the alphabetical remainder part after the keyword. It seemed unlikely that there would be real words of the form *T*R*W*V* or appropriate variants to maintain the TRVW rectangle. If tV and W were in the alphabetical part, they had to be together as there is no letter between V and W. They would have to be in the bottom line as VWXYZ are the last five letters of the alphabet. V couldn’t be at the end of the fourth row as that would leave only a maximum of WXYZ for the bottom row,
I’m enormously impressed by anyone who takes the trouble to decipher a Playfair code by logic alone. I remember doing so – laboriously – when I first encountered them in Azed puzzles and didn’t have access to online codebreakers. Once I discovered their existence, coupled with the fact that they can find a keyword with very little text to work on, I’m afraid I never went back.
bridgesong@9: I didn’t even know there were online codebreakers. Indeed, it’s very likely that the last time I did a Playfair was before there was a worldwide web.
Thanks, as always, to Azed and to duncanshiell. Sadly, having competed all the clues, including the eight coded ones, I didn’t complete the “cracking” ’til Saturday- a very busy week and the decision that P couldn’t be on the bottom row meant the eureka moment was too late to clue PERDU.
I recognise all the steps made by our blogger- my spread-sheet matched that precisely- down to the mysterious term “code-cracker” (what’s that?) when I envisaged Benedict Cumberbatch standing in front of the Bombe.
How long since the last Playfair?
KeithThomas, last Playfair was August:
where the theme of UK playwrights made the decoding much easier.
Thanks duncanshiell for your explanation re VW.
August 2021 that is.
Bridgesong@10 not really logic for me, more trial and error, I maintain that Scrabble tiles are ideal. Simple , effective and flexible. I also ignore the rectangles just focus on single letter switches looking for mixed groups which nearly always means the same row. I also ignore the last two rows and just hunt the code word.
The first time I’ve attempted a playfair puzzle. Having got all the answers bar a couple of the coded ones I made an impatient and rather brief attempt to crack the code then left it, feeling that the benefit of a completed grid was outweighed by the effort required to obtain it. Admittedly, codes do not excite me, but I was hoping when I started the puzzle that deducing the codeword would be more essential to solving the crossword. As it was, it would only have been any use for mopping up the loose ends. I note that most solvers solved all of the coded words before attempting the decoding, so that part is just an appendix to main business of the puzzle. Is that always the case, or is it a particular feature of this grid, with the coded solutions on the periphery?
Azed usually gives a strong hint to the code word using the answers to be encoded. As Gonzo says the last one had UK playwrights . A fairly recent one had doubleparking as the code word and PP in the answers to be encoded.
James@16 , just from memory I would say there are are usually four coded clues and not always on the perimeter. In the past I have “back-solved” one after constructing the Playfair from the other three.
Roz, back-solving was what I was expecting, and was what I would have had to do to complete, and is what I would have tried harder to do had I not all but finished the puzzle by the time it became relevant. It is almost as if the grid is set up so that all of the solutions to be encoded must be found before cracking the code. The coded entries have a shortage of crossing letters, so very little information about the code square is obtainable from each entry, making it a requirement to solve most if not all of those clues cold. Would it not be more satisfactory if some coded entries had more crossers and were more embedded, giving enough information to work out the codeword at an earlier stage, which would then be the key not only to filling in the unchecked squares of the coded entries but also some of the normal clues?
I thought this one was particularly awkward in terms of coded entries. Each had only one pair to fully encode, the corners of the grid could not be checked at all. Also for Azed the top of the grid and left hand side are usually very useful giving lots of first letters for other clues.
I think the eight coded clues were needed this time or we would not have enough letters for the Playfair.
As suggested in the blog, maybe the positions were meant to hint at the code word.
Roz@20, not sure if you made use of this but the corners were more useful than I thought at first. The checked letters in the plaintext map to the same coded letter, and hence are in the same row (if at the same end) or column (otherwise).
Couldn’t manage the exploration of the possibilities offered by the constraints with Word tables (definitely Scrabble tiles next time) so tried a solver with two doublets of plain and enciphered text hoping to get a manageable number to explore. Unfortunately that number was 1 – Playfair really is no match for computer analysis. Even a single doublet gave a few possibilities with one obvious choice.
[For those unfamiliar with Lassus, here’s a sample]
Tim@21 I did not need the corners , I had 4 out of 5 letters for the top three rows and with Scrabble tiles that was easily enough to get the code word. The corners could have given the row for B but I had already guessed it.
Very educational: 14 NHO, 11 of which I managed to deduce!
Thanks Gonzo @13 for the link. It was not a comp week but I recall the playwrights as theatre was one of my things (no more alas). I certainly cracked that a lot quicker than this.
So good to see a proper dialogue on one of Azed’s wonders.
Very disappointed that I got nowhere near the code-word, having decided from the start that it must be Proust-related (Perdu. 100 years since his death.)